Corporate Sponship in Event

Thanks to increases in leisure time and discretionary spending nowadays, community groups as well as individuals are becoming enthusiastic in events according to their interests. Events have occupy our newspapers and television screens as well as much of our free time and enrich our lives (Bowdin et al. , 2011). Moreover, events have a substantial contribution to the national economy. In UK, the event industry generates over ? 36 billion every year, which sustain at least 530,000 full-time jobs (Bladen et al. 2012). Under the trend, the business sector has take events and events’ sponsorship into consideration when making their marketing strategies. Globally, expenditure on event sponsorship has been escalating each year – from USD 44 billion in 2009 to an estimated USD 51. 1 billion in 2012 (IEG, 2013). The overall sponsorship spending in the UK each year is around ? 934 million, made up of sports (51%), arts and business (18%), broadcasting (20%) and others (10%) (Mer miri and South, 2009).Before analyzing the relationship between sponsorship and event, the two concepts should be clarified first. An event can be defined as â€Å"an organized occasion such as meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. an event is often composed of several different related functions† (Getz, 2005, p. 16). According to International Events Group (IEG, 1995), sponsorship is â€Å"a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with the property†.In this essay, the scope of the event industry and main types of sponsorship will be introduced at first. Then, the importance of corporate sponsorship in the event industry will be examined by considering the benefits to both sponsors and events. Next, the essay will critically analyze the risks of corporate sponsorship and discuss other sources of event funding. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn as corporate sponsors hip plays a significant role in the event industry but potential risks such as ambush marketing should not be ignored.In addition, other sources of funding are essential to successes of events. The event industry has a large scope; here, only some key components will be presented. Event organisations, staging or hosting events, are core element of the event industry. Besides, professional groups or individuals who organize events on behalf of their clients are called event management companies are emerging with the event industry. There are also various suppliers covering staging, lighting , transport, accommodation and security of the event industry.External regulatory bodies and publications have tight relations with the event industry as well (Bowdin et al. , 2011). As for types of sponsorship, cash is the most common source provided by sponsors to support the event (Wagen & Carlos, 2006). Sponsors can also offer ‘value in kind’ by providing free goods and services t o events (Wagen, 2007). Other sponsorship may cover the media coverage, IT support, entertainment speaker sessions and etc.From the sponsor’s perspective, sponsors have objectives that fit into one or more of these areas: to increase product or brand awareness, to develop corporate image, to drive sales, or to develop market strategy (Yeoman et al. , 2004). To begin with, sponsors can gain benefits from marketing area through sponsoring the event industry. Sponsorship is acting as a more effective way of market promoting, sales driving and reaching the target market (Bowdin et al. , 2011).Among various traditional marketing promotion methods such as advertising or personal selling, sponsorship is argued to be one of the most effective means of communicate and form relationships with consumers and business partners (Grey and Skildum-Reid, 2003). Siegel (2001) investigated the sponsorship of tobacco industry and found that despite a federal ban on tobacco advertising on televis ion, tobacco companies achieve the equivalent of more than $150million in television advertising per year through their sponsorship of televised motor sports events.From 1997 through 1999, tobacco companies achieved 169 hours of television advertising exposure and $410. 5 million of advertising value for their products by sponsoring motor sports events. In addition, events provide sponsors with an environment where consumers are relax and better accept marketing message; therefore, sponsorship is key driver of product sales (Bowdin et al. , 2011). There are two main ways for companies with products achieve high sales goals including an exclusive in-game presence at sporting events or exclusive rights in their product ategory at a festival. For instance, Tiger Beer sponsors the Tartan Asian Extreme Festival and distributes samples of their beer to attendants as part of an integrated marketing campaign which also included the launch of The Tigers’ awards to celebrate Asian film s in the UK (Anon, 2005c). The Stongbow Rooms, an online game company, launched the Scottish Courage Strongbow Rooms concept resulted in an estimated increase in 12% monthly sales gain (Scottish Courage, 2005). The sponsorship of the event industry is an emerging new channel of sales driving for sponsors.Moreover, events also help sponsors get access to specific niche/target markets. For example, O2 sponsored music concerts to appeal to a youth market and establish itself as the biggest mobile network in the youth market (Carter, 2004). Saudia Private Aviation (SPA), an affiliate of Saudi Arabian Airlines, has renewed its sponsorship of the 6th edition of EXCS International Luxury Motor Show. The company believed that the event offer a platform for them to reach prominent people and the high-class segment of the community, who SPA targets through its marketing programs. (AMEinfo, 2012).Next, brand awareness and brand image of sponsors’ can also be created and developed throug h sponsorship, especially for companies expanding into new international markets (Noordin et al. , 2011; Bowdin et al. , 2011; Yeoman et al. , 2004; Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000; Cornwell et al. , 2001). Perceptions of a brand are increasingly linked to consumers’ experience with the brand. Thus, in brand strategy, delivering a comprehensive brand experience is becoming paramount, whereby ‘‘marketing and external communications help build the brand, but nothing is more powerful than the customer’s actual experience’’ (Berry, 2000, p. 36). The case of Vodafone entering New Zealand mobile telecommunications market is a suitable example to illustrate the effectiveness of brand awareness and image building in the new markets through sponsorship. The initial step of Vodafone setting into the New Zealand mobile telecommunications market was in 1998, and it had dominated 45% of the market until 2003. Sponsorship was an integral component of Vodafon e’s brand strategy. Vodafone sponsored Rugby, New Zealand’s national mass-audience sports, in order to quickly and effectively reated brand awareness among target groups when entering the new market. Then Vodafone use sponsorship as a platform to let customer experience products and develop emotional connections. Thus, it not only create broad awareness alone but also build brand personality among consumers and create links to popular youth culture, facilitating much closer bonds between customer and the brand (Cliffe & Motion, 2005). Besides obvious financial benefits, sponsorship allow sponsors to build up corporate images Bowdin et al. , 2011. Corporate image and brand image are two different concepts.Corporate image may or may not be related with its products or services and usually be associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Godfrey, 2006). Usually, companies support charity events to create goodwill in the community. For example, NPower became headl ine sponsor for Macmillan Cancer Relief World's Biggest Coffee Morning improve to its brand perception (Anon, 2004). Wu (2002) added that companies such as petroleum, tobacco and weapon industries whose image need some polishing were likely to offer sponsorships to arts, culture and charity events to leave good impressions to the public.Furthermore, sponsorships are also used as incentives for a company’s workforce and create better employee relations IEG (2008). Companies often perceive event sponsorship as a way to offer their employees access to the events or corporate rewards to motivate them. For example, Royal Bank of Scotland’s and Edinburgh International Festival secured New Partnership funding from Arts ; Business which enabled the bank’s staff to take part in ‘Royal Bank Turn Up and Try It’ workshops.By involving staff in the arts sponsorship, the bank wanted to form more creative thinking, dealing effectively with customers or colleagues of their employees (Royal Bank of Scotland, 2003). The business involving staffs events aims to creating more intensive inter-staff relationships and loyalty to companies as well as staff moral and the like (Godfrey, 2006). From the event’s perspective, the financial investment, in-kind support and media exposure are three main benefits that event organizers seek from sponsors (Watt, 1998).Watt (1998) argued that events could not be successful happen without adequate financial support. Financial investment is the most obvious and direct income for events. The 2004 Edinburgh International Festival received around ? 1. 73 million from sponsors and donator, accounting for 27% of the total income (Bowdin, 2006). Except for cash, in-kind support is vital to event organizers as well. Crompton (1994) summarize four main types of in-kind services including product support, personnel support, communication resources and expertise and intangible benefit of â€Å"institutional cloutâ⠂¬  conferred on the event.According to the research done by Cultural Ministers Council (2002) on cultural sponsorship in Australia, in-kind support approximate 83% of organizations’ sponsorship commitment. Over 60% of respondents provide in-kind services covering legal and financial advisory services, IT support, auditing, marketing and management expertise and etc. (Richards ; Palmer, 2010). As for â€Å"institution clout†, if an event links to a sponsor with a strong, positive public image, then sponsorship may help legitimize the event and improve its public profile (Crompton, 1994).In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In 2000 Sydney Olympics, Nike, one of official sponsor s, launched its pre-Olympic advertising campaign, which not only promote its own brand but also the Sydney Olympic Games (Tripodi and Hirons, 2009).In spited of all the benefits brought to both sponsors and event organizers, there are still a number of potential risks associated with implementation of sponsorship, which should be paid enough attention to (Wagen, 2007). For the sponsors, first and the foremost is the â€Å"ambush marketing† issue. McKelvey (1994) describes it as â€Å"a company's intentional effort to weaken or ambush its competitor's official sponsorship and seek to confuse the buying public as to which company really holds official sponsorship rights. Ambush marketing reduces the effectiveness of the sponsors message as well as pose a threat to sponsorship agreements (Meenaghan, 1996). In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the torchbearer was Li Ning, a former gymnast and now the chairman of Li Ning company, which easily made the greatest 2 or 3 minutes of fre e advertising for Li Ning company. Although Adidas was the official footwear sponsor other than Li Ning, 67. 4% respondents incorrectly recognized Li Ning as the official footwear sponsor (Pitt et al. , 2010). Moreover, the ‘fit’ between a sponsor and an event is vital for the success of the sponsorship (Wagen & White, 2010).Not every company is the potential sponsor for every enent (Decker, 1991). Inappropriate sponsorships not only cannot achieve the desired outcomes of sponsors’ but also waste time and money or may even negatively influence their brand images. For example, Southland Corporation, the former owner of 4,000 7-Eleven convenience stores, sponsored cycling events. There was no obvious link between the stores and cycling so that the target audience did not get the marketing information of the company thus no significant increase in sales(Crompton, 1994).For the event organizers, it is well worth remembering sponsors are temporary and unstable for var ious reasons such as economic recession or government ban. For example, the government ban tobacco sponsorship in sport; thus, event organizers will lose all sponsorship from tobacco companies immediately (Bowdin et al. , 2011). In addition, sponsors are a stakeholder that event organizers have to make additional efforts to satisfy their requirements (Crompton, 1994). Sometimes, sponsors can be more trouble than they are worth.Significant time can be spent in servicing sponsorship and sometimes this time would be useful to the event if it were devoted to other forms of support (Watt, 1998). Finally, the image of sponsors’ may also leave bad impression on audience due to unpredicted failure, which may result in jeopardize the event itself (Crompton, 1994; Walker et al. , 2011). Therefore, other types of funding are essential to success of events. Ticket sales are one of the major revenue generating strategies for the event organizer to adopt in the modern events market (Raj et al. 2009). In the 2012 London Olympics, the ticket sales was reached 587,294 million (London 2012 Organising Committee, 2012). Moreover, government grants are keen to provide support to events not only for financial reasons but also expert advice and information (Raj et al. , 2009). Selling merchandises, broadcasting rights, perceiving donations and other types of funding can also act as financial support for the event industry. In conclusion, corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry for both event organizers and sponsors receive benefit from it.On the one hand, event organizers gain finical support, in-kind services and media coverage from sponsor, which can secure the income of events. In addition, intangible benefits such as positive influence from sponsors’ brand images are also pointed out. On the other hand, sponsors invest on events in exchange of more effective marketing strategy for financial purposes, brand building, better corporate image and facil itating employee relation. However, some pitfalls associated with sponsorship for both sponsors and event organizers are also critically discussed.The ambush market and â€Å"fit† theory between sponsors and events are two main issues that sponsors should take into consideration before investing on events. The unstable feature and sponsors’ influence on events’ performances are critical to event organizers when seeking for corporate sponsorships. Last but not the least, other sources of funding such as ticketing and government grants are vital financial support for events. It can be conclude that corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry, but the drawbacks should not be neglected and other types of funding are also necessary.

All my sons

Larrys letter is instrumental in forcing Keller to realise his fault. Discuss (20M) All My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre In January 1947 and ran for 328 performances. The play was well constructed and realistic in nature, and it was extremely popular among the audiences. All My Sons started in the middle of things and spends most of the play uncovering the facts of the past so that the audience can see the last act consequences In the present.The play actually deals with the fate of Joe Keller, an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. The play ends with the suicide of the Joe Keller who repents after being exposed with the content of his son Larrys letter. As mentioned earlier, Joe Keller is an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. Keller has as partner Steve Deever and their factory manufactures cylinder heads for aircrafts. During the war, they receive a contract f rom the army to supply cylinder heads on an urgent basis.However the cylinder heads had hairline cracks in them and Keller is immediately informed by Deever. But Keller asked Deever to get the cylinder heads welded and that he would ake full responsibility of the damaged products. unfortunately those damaged cylinder heads cause twenty-one planes to crash killing their pilots. However at the trial Keller denies responsibility and is exonerated, and the blame shifts to Steve Deever who Is Imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives In total impunity with his family.However when he is confronted with the content of his son Larry's letter, he is forced to realise his fault. In fact Larrys letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement In fraud and profiteering. Consequently he committed suicide by allowing his plane to crash. However the content of the letter was kept secret by Ann because of her selfish motive to get marri ed to Chris who is Larrys brother. Moreover she did not want to break the harmony of the home of her would be In laws.But finally the content of the letter is revealed to Kate Keller by Ann because the former is still refusing the union of Ann and Chris. Consequently Ann uses the letter as her trump card to save her future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larrys death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots, Moreover Chris Is also made ware of the content of the letter and is unwilling to forgive his father. Consequently Joe Keller is confronted by Chris and based on the content of Larrys letter, Joe keller is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris.Joe Keller tries to justify his acts by arguing that he had worked in the interest of his family. But Chris being an Idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and understands the disastrous implications of his actions. In order to escape from guil t and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, It can be said that the Larrys letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault, but who unfortunately has a tragic end.BY sachtn051032 My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre in January 1947 audience can see the last act consequences in the present. The play actually deals take full responsibility of the damaged products. Unfortunately those damaged Deever who is imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives in total impunity with his forced to realise his fault. In fact Larry's letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement in fraud and reak the harmony of the home of her would be in laws.But finally the content of the future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larry's death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots. Moreover Chris is also made is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris. Joe Keller tries to Justify his acts idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, it can be said that the Larry's letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault.

Evolution of Entrepreneurship Essay

Entrepreneurship is a term, which has evolved over the years. Previously entrepreneurs were doing so many things that it broadened the true definition of a entrepreneur. The definition of an entrepreneur â€Å"is one who undertakes to organize, manage, and assume the risks of a business† (Kuratko). In the 21st century entrepreneur are looked upon as innovator or developer who recognize and seize opportunity. These types of people are also responsible for converting the opportunities into workable/marketable ideas (Kuratko). The term entrepreneur went from meaning â€Å"risk- bearing† to now the 21st century meaning inventor, innovator, marketer, manager, and organizer and risk taker. Those are the quality normally possessed by an entrepreneur. The Ten Myths Associated With Entrepreneurship 1. Entrepreneurs are doers, not thinkers: Doing is great but if your not using your head, then your actions won’t get you far. 2. Entrepreneurs are born, not made: A person can be born with tenacity or good communication skills but that doesn’t mean these traits must be possessed to be a good entrepreneur. Today colleges are teaching entrepreneurship classes, these classes help future businessmen unlock the key ingredients to being successful. 3. Entrepreneurs are always inventors: Some people re-invent the wheel to be more efficient. Most entrepreneurs are taking something that is already established, slightly twisting the established product or idea and selling it. 4. Entrepreneurs are academic and social misfits: This comes the media pushing the fact that many large and successful companies have owners or creators that were high school or college dropouts. There are so many entrepreneurs today, and you only hear of the ones who are dropouts and doing well for themselves. How often do you hear about the Harvard or Yale graduate who runs a multi-million dollar business? Those kinds of owners are a dime a dozen. 5. Entrepreneurs must fit the â€Å"profile†: It’s impossible to say that you must look a certain way to get ahead in life. If that’s the case Bill Gates s hould work at McDonalds. Today many Americans link success to good-looking people. 6. All entrepreneurs’ need is money: Money helps with just about everything. It normally takes a little money to earn a little money. This isn’t always the case though, look at the small dot com businesses that started with college guys working out of a basement or garage. Through good financial planning and a well managed business anyone can be an entrepreneur. 7. All entrepreneurs’ need is luck. Luck can certainly play a role in running a successful business. Although, proper planning and preparation are normally the reason behind such success. 8. Ignorance is bliss for entrepreneurs. This relates a lot to luck, if you are oblivious to something within the business, it was luck that let you get by. Again, planning and preparation are the core values a entrepreneur must possess to not just get by, but to succeed in the long run. 9. Entrepreneurs seek success but experience high failure rates: Not all entrepreneurs fail, for example Bill Gates. There isn’t a business out there that has never been through rough times, it’s inevitable. 10. Entrepreneurs are extreme risk takers: Most entrepreneurs know what kind of risk there taking, its normally a well-thought out plan that there trying to achieve. What are the major elements in the framework for entrepreneurship presented in Figure 2.4? Give examples of each element There are four major elements in the framework for entrepreneurship. The first is â€Å"The Individual† the factors of this dimension are: need for achievement, locus of control, risk- taking propensity, job satisfaction, previous work experience, entrepreneurial parents, age and education. The second is â€Å"The Environment† which includes factors such as: venture capital availability, presence of experienced entrepreneurs, technically skilled labor force, to name a few. The third dimension is â€Å"The Organization† which has fewer factors including: type of firm, entrepreneurial environment, partners, strategic variable and competitive entry wedges. The last dimension is â€Å"The Process† which holds factors such as: locating a business opportunity, accumulating resources, marketing products and services. List and explain, in detail , the three (3) advantages of developing an intrapreneurial philosophy. Intrapreneurship is the process of profitably creating innovation within an organizational setting. The first advantage is it takes multiple approaches; innovative managers encourage several projects to proceed in parallel development. The second advantage is it displays interactive learning within an innovative environment, learning and investigating ideas that are cut across traditional functional lined in the organization. The last advantage is the skunkwork, which means every highly innovative enterprise uses groups that function outside traditional lines of authority. Intrapreneurial Strategy Managers need to 1.) develop the vision, 2.) encourage innovation, 3.) structure for an intrapreneurial climate and 4.) develop venture teams. Shared vision is critical to a company that is set on high standards, including high achievement and goals. Next, encouraging innovation is key to long-term success of a company. If the company isn’t moving forward then they will eventually fall off. Keeping up with the competition will only get you as far as them, using radical innovation is the real key winner. Structuring for an intrapreneurial climate means maintaining a peaceful environment for the employees. The environment not only deals with noise related problems but attitudes amongst employees and individualism. The last strategy is venture team, which is composed of two or more people who formally create and share the ownership of a new organization. In a sense a venture team is a small business operating within a large business and its strength is its focus on design issues for innovative activities (Kuratko). References: Kuratko, Donald F. and Hodgetts, Richard M. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practices, Sixth Edition

Torus Fracture at Distal Radius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Torus Fracture at Distal Radius - Essay Example Some of the initial cares include splinting, pain control, and mechanisms aimed to reduce swelling (Morritt, 2014). The torus fractures that are evident at the distal radius are commonly present during childhood but rarely observed in adulthood (Colaris, 2014). Since the children's bones are still undergoing growth and tend to get relatively soft. Due to this reason, among the children, whose bones of their distal radius have high tendency to buckle, most of the fractures will affect the radius mostly at the distal. By this I mean that the bones around the children’s distal radius are soft since they are steal young and relatively weak, therefore they can easily undergo breakage.   At times, this particular type of fracture is compared to green stick fractures, or rather a buckle fracture since they get often witnessed in the skin and forearm radius, among many others (Schranz & Fagg, 1992). Fortunately, this type of fracture takes a shorter time to heal since they only requ ire casting and immobilization though it doesn’t demand necessitation for reduction. The victims of this fracture may put cast or splints for between three to four weeks and further taken to X-rays (Mancini, De Maio & Ippolito, 2005). The main purpose of the x-ray is to check whether the bone has healed to the level of expectation before the removal of any immobilizing devices. The treatment duration for The Fracture is usually shorter than that of a greenstick fracture, which demands a casting for six weeks and requires an earlier reduction.

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Alcoholics Anymous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Innovation, Technology And Market - Essay Example At the firm's level, Roth claims that creativity is a key functional activity in firms, in much the same way as marketing or finance are. Product creativity is then thought of as a routine operation like any other that firms perform. Others propose (Tang, 1998) that creativity is a key endurance strategy for firms for the reason that it facilitates more rapid alteration to inefficient environments. Creativity then becomes a primary indicator of a firm's ability to adapt to its environment (Drucker, 1994). Over the past few decades, this acclamation of creativity has become highly prominent as technological and scientific advancement, particularly in information and communication, increasingly affects every aspect of people's lives. Creativity has apparent plus points for individuals and society all together. Not astoundingly, a great pact of research has focused on creativity, particularly in the last two decades. This thesis appraises the creativity explore, first looking to the related qualities, aptitudes, influences, and products, and then inside disciplinary standpoints on creativity (e.g., natal, emotional, developmental, organisational). Great progress is being completed in creativity research, but more discussion between points of views is recommended. Novel and imperative areas of research are underlined, and a range of benefits of creativity is conversed. Acronyms Terms Originality and innovation are deemed to be key factors for attaining the sustained organisational viable advantage in the new economy. Therefore, organisations require continuously accepting, building up, generating and innovating. President Bush (2002) thinks that the potency of the US economy is put up on the creativity and entrepreneurship of the public. Since it is opposed that employees' creativity makes an essential contribution to organisational innovation, efficacy and continued existence, there is a need for organisations to create the organisational backgrounds that are most helpful to idea formation and creative opinion. In other terms, for employees to be innovative there must be a work atmosphere that favours the process of ingenuity. Accordingly, examiners and practitioners have become more and more attentive in learning the environmental causes that comprises communal, emotional, rational development and work situations, favourable to creativity. Hypothesis and research advocate that when the employees have a mutual commitment to their assignments and when they are given sufficient resources to carry out their work, the workers will be automatically turn out to be creative. Other sections of research discovered that employees would be creative when their task is intellectually exigent; and when they are given a high degree of independence and control over their personal effort. In addition, the literature discloses that organisational support and appraisal of ideas are required so as to encourage creativity and that honours and additional benefits are obligatory to encourage creativity and promote the creative work setting (Jassawalla & Sashittal, 2000). Conversely, when one moves away

Casestudy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Casestudy - Coursework Example The English Law of contract is clear on the fact that any agreement that is enforceable in a court of law is considered a contract. Offer and acceptance are some of the most important features of a contract (Collins, 2003). In this particular case, one party makes an offer for a certain arrangement, and the other party accepts the terms of the arrangement. Neither offer nor acceptance has to be made through writing or through making oral statements. This type of contract is referred to as an implied contract in which certain terms are not expressed or explained in words (National Archives, 2010). This seems to be the kind of agreement that Eddie had with Adele. Once he ordered for his piglets, Adele expected him to accept and pay for the services rendered. Adele has every right to demand for compensation from Eddie, who had made it clear in his communication that he would get the piglets for Eddie. In the Smith v. Hughes 1871 LR 6 QB 597 case, one cannot go against a contract at will (Young, 2010). Before Eddie met his second supplier, he had intended to honour his agreement with Adele because it was a business agreement. However, just because he found a cheap alternative, he disregarded his earlier agreement with Adele. ... ad already agreed to buy them from someone else can be considered to be a breach of contract and Eddie might be required by a court of law to pay Adele in damages. Adele had spent a lot of money getting the piglets and she had already sent the driver on the way to Eddie’s shop to drop the order, but she had to cancel at the last minute after she got the call from Eddie. The lack of timely communication in this case further complicates matters for both parties, because each one of them was assuming the other was acting in a certain way. In Merritt v. Merritt 1970 1 WLR 121, the courts regarded Mr. and Mrs. Merritt to have entered an agreement with the intention of creating legal requirements (Young, 2010). When Eddie was requesting for the piglets from Adele, he knew that he wanted to agree to the terms that Adele would set. In Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Company 1877 2 AC 666, the company never wrote to Brogdan formalizing their business arrangement. However, for two years, Metropolitan had conducted itself in a manner that showed that the business arrangement was formal and Brogdan was bound to honour the agreement (Poole, 2006). This means that if Eddie and Adele had been conducting business together for a long time, then any agreement they made in the course of business would have been considered binding for both of them. Edie has argued that it was his right to make an agreement with whomever he pleased, therefore, he does not consider to be indebted to Adele for failing to honour his part of the agreement. However, Adele may have a strong case if the courts decide that the agreement is enforceable. In Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd 1932 UKHL 2, the House of Lords ruled that the terms of the agreement were enforceable when consider dint he context of the previous

Dissertation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Dissertation - Research Paper Example In terms of methodology, both qualitative as well as quantitative approaches have been taken into concern for obtaining a valid conclusion. The research results helped identifying certain potential factors or strategies, which can help in the overall improvement of academic performances of the boys and girls belonging to the Bangladeshi community. These factors include building effective communication with respective schools and increasing the level of participation of parents in attending school meetings among others. Apart from this, the other strategies that used by the then poorly performed schools of Tower Hamlets including effective spending and ensuring high quality of teaching as well as learning may also contribute in serving the above stated purpose. The conclusions of the research suggest that the boys as well as the girls in Bangladeshi community will be able to attain well at KS4 level by effective adoption and execution of the discussed strategies. The purpose of this research is to explore, ascertain and analyse the strategies that are put in place in a secondary school in Bethnal Green, East London for the boys as well as the girls in the Bangladeshi community to attain well at KS4. Evidence suggests that the size of the educational gender gap differs by ethnicity (Bhattacharyya, et al. 2003). The evidence of gender imbalance in the Bangladeshi community in Bethnal Green/East London clearly reveals the persistence of political as well as social differences and the presence of multiculturalism factor in the respective region (Malik, 2015). It is worth mentioning that the research study used a specific school in order to find out the actual strategies that can be applied in making the boys as well as the girls of the Bangladeshi community to accomplish well at KS4 level. The ethnic mix of the school could be reckoned as mixed culture wherein the students belong to different nations with distinct cultural backgrounds. It can be

UCAS application questionnaire - additional personal statement Essay

UCAS application questionnaire - additional personal statement - Essay Example Therefore, with the increasing human population, various issues arise like environmental degradation, overpopulation, poverty, and drought as well as human conflict, which need urgent attention as a way of preserving humanity and expediting it to keep in touch with the constant changes2. I also want to empower others after my training so that they can embrace education and knowledge. This degree will equip me with the necessary knowledge that is applicable in the outside world to solve real issues at the grass root level. This empowerment will pave way for innovativeness and knowledge that is a key factor in actualising the daily solution of problems that are recurrent and threatening to the existence of mankind. As the common saying goes, â€Å"Knowledge is power†, I am optimistic that by the time of completion of my course, I will have attained general and specific knowledge3. This automatically means that my whole perception of the world will have changed and hence my decision making will be rational. Apart from the knowledge acquisition, I will also improve my interrelation with others. Through the constant interaction with my classmates, who will be from diverse origins, I will be able to understand them more and empathise with them. This interaction will also foster inner understanding of others and in the long run lead to peaceful coexistence since all education and technological inventions will not be useful without peace. Technological improvements will revolutionise the whole concept of business. In the next decade, business activities will primarily be run through the internet since it bridges the gap between the producers and consumers4. Through the introduction of online buying and selling of goods and services, the world has become a better place as all the required business transactions that were initially manual will be fully computerised. Transport and communication will be swift and broadened in that many people will

Face Recognition Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face Recognition Technology - Research Paper Example Availability of ‘biometrics’ technology provides controls for verifying true identity of an individual. These controls are automated processes that recognize physiological characteristics such as fingerprints, face, eyes, DNA etc. of a living person which are not easy to forge as they are attributes of an individual gifted by nature. There are also automated processes that recognize individual behaviors such as handwriting style, key stroke patterns etc. (Lin, 2000) Physiological controls are more stable when compared with behavioral controls. The main reason is that the features of physiological controls are non-alterable unless some serious injury is inflicted on a living being. On the other hand the patterns of behavior controls fluctuate with the mood and activities of an individual. In real-life, it is found that verification of physiological attributes is although very accurate, yet it is far more intrusive than the behavior attributes (Lin, 2000) One of the few biometrics controls that have the merits of both low intrusiveness and high accuracy is the Face Recognition technology. Researches in the field of image processing, security and psychology were attracted towards the concepts of computer vision which led to the designing of face recognition technology. (Lin, 2000) The real-world image has only size in inches or centimeters. The capturing device such as camera or scanners uses digitization process through which it stores the number of pixels that contains in an image. It is called Resolution which is of two types; Spatial Resolution and Colour Resolution (JISC Digital Media, 2006) The capturing device in Spatial Resolution is concerned with the frequency at which samples are taken from the real-world object or art-work. Frequency is mostly expressed as samples per inch (spi) when scanning and pixels per inch (ppi) when processing the digital image. The resolution to use for capturing an image is dependent mostly on its ‘end-use’.

The Color of Water Essay Example for Free

The Color of Water Essay The Color of Water by James McBride was a story about a young boy trying to figure out his racial identity but his mother would not talk about her past or what race she was. All James knew was that she was white living in a black power neighborhood and that fact terrified him. He thought that to grow up he had to know his racial identity but through all the trouble and hard times he went through he learned that his race did not matter. It was his education that was the most important. Ruth attitude about her race effected James through his childhood and as a young adult, she negatively affected his racial development, and Ruth eventually clears up his questions that he has been dying to get answers from. Ruth McBride’s attitude toward her own race affected her son, James McBride, as both a child and as a young adult. Ruth mainly looked down on her race because of her father. All he care about was money and the store, he did not care about his own wife or family. He also molested Ruth when she was a young girl. When James was a young boy he always questioned her about race. He wanted to know if he was black or white and he also asked what color Jesus was. James mother would not completely answer his question. She responded saying that James was a human and education was all that mattered, and that Jesus was the color of water. As a kid, James knew that his mother was white, and that terrified him. He knew that a white lady living in a black neighborhood, also with black kids, was living in danger. James really realized his mother’s danger when Ruth and James were walking home and a man came up and stole Ruth’s purse. James figured out how strong and brave or crazy his mother was when she did not fight the theft back and all she told James was that it was just a purse and it did not matter. When James grew up, he thought that Ruth was going crazy, and he didn’t respect her like he did in the past. If James would have known about his mother’s past, it wouldn’t have change much. He might have been more apologetic for her but that would be about it. Ruth’s impact on James’s racial development is negative, but she had good intentions. James never knows what his racial background is and that bothers him throughout his life. If he would have known what his mother’s background was maybe then he would understand himself in his eyes, but it does not take your race to figure out yourself, it takes learning who you are on the inside. Ruth was trying to make it a positive impact on his racial development. Ruth knew that race did not matter, it was about what was on the inside of the person, but James did not understand that concept. Race never concerned him by saying he was not going to associate himself with a person because of their background but he want to know about their race, and Ruth had no cares about their race, which is a better way to go at it. Ruth offers James confusion as he grapples with his racial identity as a younger boy, but she offers him clarity as a young adult. When James was young, Ruth would answer any of her questions and that bothered him but he knew not to push her to her limit or he would get the belt. He does not know what half of his race is, he know he was black from his father but knew nothing about his mother’s race. Ruth was not ashamed to be a Jew, but she did not support Judaism because of her father, Tateh. She was not hiding the fact that she was a Jew from James but she did not want to think about everything that she ran away from when she left Suffolk, Virginia and her family, more importantly her mother, Hudis Shilksy. When James turns into the young adult he finds out that knowing your race does not help you in life like a good education does. Even though he has learned this Ruth starts to explain his questions about race to him. In the story The Color of Water, James has unanswered questions as a child. At the end of the book James learns about Ruth’s race and he finds out his racial identity. James also finds out God’s color, He is the color of water and water is neither, black or white. Ruth had harmful memories when she was a Jew because of her father and when he might her first husband, Dennis, she changed her faith and found happiness. Ruth’s race affected Ruth which later on affected her son James negatively. Her angry about her past led to James’s confusion about his own racial identity, but later on got all his questions answered.

Consumer Buying Behavior And Decision Making

Consumer Buying Behavior And Decision Making Recent research discovered that consumers are just likely to make purchase and to be influenced not only by relatives and peers, by endorsers but also by attitudes, situations and emotion (Olsen et al., 2007). The process of consumer decision making can be viewed as three well defined stages namely the Input, the Process and the Output as shown below (Schiffman, 2005). The Input Stage influences the individuals recognition of a product need and consists of two main sources of information which is the firms marketing efforts in term of its price, promotion, location of the retail outlets and the second source is the external sociological influences on the consumer which includes family, friends, neighbors, social class amongst others. The Process stage emphasizes on the way consumers make their decisions. The psychological factors built-in each individual like motivation, perception, learning, personality and attitudes which affect the way external elements from input stage affects the consumers recognition of a need, pre-purchase search for information and evaluation of alternatives. The output stage comprises of two related post-decision activities namely the purchase behaviour and post-purchase evaluation. A low-cost and non-durable product may be influenced by the manufacturers coupon and may actually be a trial purchase. The consumer evaluates the product through direct use. For a relatively durable product such as a laptop, the consumer decision-making model is examined in greater depth (Schiffman, 2005). 2.1 Factors influencing Consumer Buying decision 2.11 Cultural Factors In a sense, culture is a societys personality (Wayne, 2008). According to Hawkins (2009), culture is defined as the sum of total learned belief, values and customers that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. Individual are brought up to follow the beliefs, values and customs of their society and to avoid behavior that is considered as taboo. (Graham, 2009). Overall societies are segmented into subcultures. The sub-cultural divisions are based on nationality, religion, geographic locality, race, age and sex. 2.12 Social Factors A reference groups are groups that serves as frames of reference for individuals in their purchase or consumption decisions. Indirect reference group consist of groups with whom a person does not have direct face to face contact, such as movie stars, TV personalities, sports heroes or even interesting-looking people on the street (Graham, 2009). An individual who has little or no experience with a durable product is more likely to seek out the advice or example of others (Solomon et al., 2009). When consumers are concerned with obtaining accurate information about the performance or quality of a product or service, they are likely to be persuaded by those whom they consider trustworthy and knowledgeable (Hoyer et al., 2007). Appeals by celebrities and other reference group are used very effectively to communicate with their market. For many consumers, their family is their primary reference group for many attitudes and behavior. The members of a family assume specific roles in their everyday functioning, such roles or tasks extend to realm of consumer purchase decisions. 2.13 Psychological Factors Psychological factors arousing within individuals relatively drive general behavior of consumers and thus affect their behavior. The main influences on consumer behavior are personality and self-concept, motivation, learning and perception (Sorensen, 2009). 2.14 Individual Factors Demographic variables are individual characteristics which consist of occupation, sex, income, origin, ethnic, race and age (Kanuk,1999). 2.2 Organizational Buying Behavior The decision making process by which formal organizations confirm the need for products and services to be purchased, consider and select among alternative suppliers and brands (Glavee, 2009). (Hutt, 2009), as an outcome of the vast area of prior research, proceeded the characterization of the industrial buying behavior divided into three major aspects: The Buying Process, The buying Centre and Factors influencing the buying centre. As Kelly (2007), the buygrid model is a conceptual model, which describes the different combinations of buying phases and buying situations. It incorporates three types of buying situations: (1) the new task, (2) the straight re-buy, and (3) the modified re-buy, combined with eight phases in the buying decision process. The model serves as an easy framework for visualizing the otherwise complex business buying process and enables the vendor to identify the critical phases and situation requiring specific types of information. 2.3 The Buying Centre As Hutt (2009) mentioned, companies do not buy, people do. It is of utmost importance to have a concrete knowledge about those involved in the buying decision making process of the goods or services that a vendor aim to sell. It has been indicated that many individuals are pertained in the buying process of industrial goods. 2.4 Roles of the Buying Centre members Buyers are known to assume some common roles in a buying process (Wind, 1967). These roles are classified into six groups which are shown below. Initiator is the one or group of individuals who become aware of a company problem and recognize that the problem can be solved via acquisition of a product or service. The influencers are those who have a say in whether a product or service is bought or not. The more critical a purchase is to companys business, the higher the number of influencers. Gatekeepers usually act as problem or product experts. They have information about a range of vendor offerings. Other buying centre members therefore rely on their information for their assessment of prospective vendors offerings. Thus, by controlling information, and, by having access to decision makers in the firm, the gatekeepers largely determine which vendors get the chance to sell. Deciders are those who make the actual purchase decision. For instance, they say yes or no to what vendors offer. The buyer is one who makes arrangements for the delivery of the goods. He is also often directly involved in negotiating the conditions under which the transactions will be made. Users are those who usually make use of the products in normal working process. 2.5 Factors influencing the buying process and the buying centre Different attributable influences that affect the buying process and the buying centre previously addressed ( Nielson, 2008) : Aspects influencing the buying process Brief description Organizational Technology, goal, task, actors, structure. Interpersonal Formal authority, persuasiveness Personal Status, politics, ethics. Environmental Physical, economic, technological, legal, political and cultural. 2.6 WOM in Consumer Environment Word of mouth is about disseminating information by verbal communication, particularly references including general information in an informal or person-to-person approach. Word of Mouth is usually regarded as a verbal communication, although web dialogue, such as, message boards, emails and blogs (Olson et al., 2010). 2.7 WOM influencing consumer buying behavior WOM is considered to be of utmost importance in shaping consumers attitudes and behaviors. Silverman (2011), studied the diffusion of technology products and concluded that the pattern of ownership may be justified by the presence of an effective network consisting of neighbours exchanging product information. Songe (2006) pointed out that WOM is the most essential source of influence in the purchase of technology and household goods. It is three times effective as radio advertising, newspapers and magazines. 2.8 Characteristics of WOM WOM can be seen as positive as well as negative (Jantsh, 2010). Negative WOM arose when consumers gather information on lack of service, high prices or impolite sales personnel. PWOM is a reference to the passing of positive information. Scharffer (1998) indicated that dissatisfied customers made complain twice than when they are satisfied. Goodman (2009) justified that the services recovery programmes, service guarantees and complaints process affect the direction of WOM. WOM is considered to be an unlimited activity to consumers. The WOM activity can be perceived as a function where the individuals with whom the organization and its employees come into contact like the customers, suppliers, competitors, the general public, or other stakeholders (Misner, 1999). Throughout a decision making process, WOM may be employed at different stages. WOM can be used before or after a purchase. The use of WOM in a pre-purchase stage is referred to as input WOM and Output WOM is issued after the purchase (Assael, 1997). The effectiveness of WOM is far from being unnoticed. Some organizations regard customer WOM as one of the most strong marketing tool (Wilson, 1994). According to Scharffer (1998), marketers attempt to directly influence opinion leaders, incite WOM communication in advertising or depict communications form opinion leaders. 2.9 The Nature of WOM Nail (2002), distinguished three main types of WOM communications in an evaluation on personal influence in buying technology products namely product information, private experience and recommendation. Product information is informing about the product such as benefits of the products. Private experience includes explanations about reasons for purchasing the product. Recommendation refers to point of views about the product. These categorization implies that WOM attends to inform and to influence. Product news, for example, is efficient in bringing awareness about a product and its features. Listening about the experiences of the product from a friend help the consumer in evaluating the absolute merits of one brand or another. Eventually through the perceptions of others, advice is essential in making the purchase decision stage (Solomon et al., 2009). 2.10 Opinion leaders and followers According to Rosen (2002), mass media messages are caught and disseminated by opinion leaders. He also pointed out that mediated communication are circulated to opinion leaders who disseminate it through WOM to their peers. This in turn exert some influences. According to his theory, opinion leaders are present in all groupings of society and may be persuasive on specific topic (Songe, 2006). Lois (2007), could not differentiate between followers and opinion leaders. In his research, he inclined to talk of influencers rather than opinion leaders. He pointed out that influencers are active information searcher, more dependent and more innovative. The follower is active and may ask for information as well as considering opinions of others Those who diffuse information are also likely to receive it which denote that opinion leaders are also followers and vice versa. Wilson (1994) has certified that there is a dominance of personal influence in decision making. In his study, Hutt (2009) added that people who received positive WOM about a new product were more likely to purchase it rather than those who received negative WOM. The powerful effect of WOM is linked to various factors. There are situations where consumers referrals are perceived as being more rational and reliable than commercial sources of information (Rosen, 2002). Dialogues with either friends or relatives tend to be friendly and can help for trying out certain behaviours. Potential consumers of a particular product can acquire some of the product experience by searching for someone who has acquired recent experience with the product (Silverman, 2011). 2.11 Importance of WOM in service sector Good service is essential to promote positive WOM. Consumers depend largely on personal communication with other customers since their experiences are regarded as a trial (Goodman, 2010). Wilson (1994), in turn found that services consumers choose to search for reference from relative and peers rather than promotional sources. Customers are skeptical. They do not believe anymore about what they see or hear. (Kelly, 2007). According to Finch (2003), it is considerable when reference groups are likely to influence especially when the customer is dealing with a decision process and the purchase of the product involve certain risk. Proctor (1995) noted the individuals who have ongoing involvement are more prone to be opinion leaders. Consumers would rather seek information from friends and family if risk is likely to emerge when making a purchase (Scharffer, 1998). 2.12 Motives for engaging in WOM communication Finch (2003), concluded that there are a multitude of reasons for engaging in WOM communication. Sernovitz (2009), supported with evidence that those who disseminate information are certainly those who are experiencing the product. The involvement in the product-related decision is an essential component in personal communications. According to Songe (2006), WOM communication is the basic interest in the product category concerning ongoing involvement. Individuals who have an enduring interest in a product category experience satisfaction in discussing about it (Wilson, 1994). Additionally, Rosem (2002), pointed out that WOM communication is usually introduced to remove any doubt about product choice. According the theory of Wilson (1994), a consumer may try to decrease discomfort by explaining the positive aspects of a recently purchased product to peers and family. Furthermore, purchasing the similar product by a friend or relative proves the original judgment of the consumer (Skubal, 2002). Discussing about the product may likely to drive people to personal satisfaction (Songe, 2006). 2.13 Post-Purchase Decision-Making Negative WOM is known to be a framework of customer complaining behaviour. Harris (2008) suggested that consumers can either express their dissatisfaction or end up the relationship when confronting with unmet expectations. Furthermore, Burg (2005) classified three main reactions to dissatisfaction namely switching to another brands or substitute, making a complaint to the retailer or personnel and finally informing others about the unsatisfactory product or service. Concerning minor dissatisfaction consumers are not likely to complain nor do they spread negative WOM (Finch, 2003). When the level of dissatisfaction is important, consumers are more likely to complain (Kelly, 2007). Goodman (2009), referred that after purchases, consumers are likely to engage in a post-purchase evaluation of the product. If the consumer is not satisfied, psychological discomfort may occur. 2.14 Pre-Purchase DM According to Scharffer (1998), WOM is seen as a process through which consumers convey both informational influence in evaluation of the product and the purchase intention of fellow consumers. This type of information can thus be expressed according to the choice of the referral source or the task of selecting the product (Lees, 2007). 2.15 WOM has a powerful influence on organizational DM WOMC is thus considered as a growing necessity in B2B markets. According to Neilsen (2000) , WOM consists of informal communications directed by consumers at other consumers about ownership or characteristics of particular goods or services and or their sellers. WOM is perceived as an exit outcome to dissatisfaction with the product quality it can be perceived a behavioral manifestation of a latent loyalty towards the supplier or the brand (Canning, 2007). The WOM system is referred to a network where personal, verbal, face to face communication take place. It is also defined as the attribute of the information dealt and how these information would determine the role of the participants (Balter et al., 2009). 2.16 Provision of WOM While in any prevailing WOM circumstances, recommendations, opinions, information are likely to succeed in both ways. Emotions influence how decisions are formulated. In B2B purchase, the buyer does not encounter the overall benefit of the solution and may not be compensated for making a good purchase, but a bad purchase can damage the reputation and job security of the buyer. The study of Prahalad (2004) revealed that organizational buying decisions are normally influence fear. Organizational buyers tend to reduce fear by reducing risk. Personal risk is mostly hidden from the rational process and is considered as an important factor in B2B buying. Like in quality judgments, satisfaction can result to positive WOM through an exit, voice and loyalty logic argument (Nielson, 2002). To such a degree that satisfaction has affective bases, the statement specified earlier about the influence to WOM route has validity as well (Robins, 2008). The involvement with a product certainly provides a person with the motivation and ability to come up with product-related conversations with others. Like Jantsch (2010), observed an individuals frequent engagement with a product or service brings out to overflowing thoughts and emotions that can easily recalled in WOM experiences, frequently willfully so, in order to clear out the tension or the experience. Dissatisfaction with a product presumed to be essential by the individual is particularly filled with WOM potential (Balter et al. 2009). Researchers have been able to separate several product-related factors that reduce the occurrence and extent of WOM activity. Price awareness for product, for one, has been encountered to correspond remarkably with WOM transmission. Preceding a dissatisfactory experience, individuals have demonstrated to participate in more or less WOM conversations depending on the seriousness and controllability and composure of the problem (Bowman, 2009), as well as the perceived likelihood of a favorable redress (Wilson, 2006). Positive outcomes concerning complaint handling and redress, like the diffusive and synergetic justice of the redress orientation and the convenience of recovery, can lead positive consequences for a provider as individuals have the tendency to respond to positive things about the provider (Balter et al., 2009). 2.17 Strategies for managing risks Rosen (2009) introduced three strategies for managing risk namely: Approved supplier list. B2B buyers are prone to select companies they already know. If a member from the buying centre has pre-approved a supplier, the risk is reduced even if it is not the right solution. Word of mouth for example colleagues and friends. User communities are one of the main sources of information for researching B2B purchases. A recommendation from a credible source tend to reduce risk. Word of mouth from existing suppliers. A good representative build good relationship with their suppliers to create a credible source for referrals. 2.18 Buyers seek personal recommendation The most influential channels across decision making process were blogs, word of mouth, websites, trade journals and other form of media. According to Nail (2002), organizational buyers valued WOM communication which provide a personal recommendation. 2.19 The Buying Process Bowman (2009) made the conclusion that B2B buying is a decision process driven by the emotions of the people involved. Business buyers are mostly motivated to reduce personal risk of making mistakes. The decision making process in the B2B environment is not an easy task. Generally doers are those making the purchase of the product or service. The buyer has the entire responsibility for reducing corporate risk. The presence of a broad chain of gatekeepers in organizations means determine the level of complexity in decision-making process in B2B environment. In the B2B environment, decision making process is much more puzzling where there is no specific decision-maker across organizations (Nail, 2002). Graham (2009) implied that in an organization there is a gatekeeper who is allowed to share ideas and information to the members in the buying centre. Both the doers and the buyers need to search for information in the buying process. B2B website should take into consideration the information needs of those who search the Internet. Person to person meetings are crucial to reach the emotional needs of prospects. Building credible relationship through person to person meetings with both doers and buyers is necessary in the complex decision making process. Analytical plan offer recommendations about which options and information to consider or to reject. This help the organization to facilitate decisions to their relevant core. 2.20 The impact of Social Media Robins (2008) declared that online channel, precisely the social media occupied an essential role in how research is proceeded and finally the decision on business purchases in the future. Social media like Website, Blogs or Facebook are also considered to be influential. Inactive channels like the press advertising are equally influential. Robins (2008) pointed out that decision-makers need to search social media channels for information to their actions. Colleagues and peers add value to decision and thus minimizing risks (Siguardarson, 2000). Factors like the ability to learn from experiences of others, the ability to access to information and the ability to communicate with others. According to the study of Robins (2008), B2B buyers refer to trade journals as well as professional online media for B2B decision making. The study also regards word of mouth and personal reference from professional colleagues or peers which is considered as the most influencing source in buying decisions. According to the study of Fader (2010), there is a noticeable change in the influence of supplier websites at the beginning of the purchasing process. He further characterized websites as very influential. Personal recommendation is clearly approved as the most valuable factor in B2B purchasing decisions. Channel like Trade journals, Website, Blogs and Facebook are seen as large influencers concerning the provision of information to help buyers identify potential suppliers. Buyers and deciders are personally involved in the final decision making process. The members in the buying centre regularly used word of mouth and supplier websites as sources of information (Bowman, 2009). Mass media is a mean of reaching directly opinion leader, follower or the gatekeeper (Jantsch, 2010). According to Santeller (2010), the gatekeeper is considered as a source of information to both opinion leaders and followers. The research of Hoyer et al. (2006) showed that diffusion of social of social media is increasing constantly. According to the study of Sorensen (2009), some B2B buyers prefer to use of social media channels while others refer more to traditional information channels. He further observed that B2B buyer opted for issue-based information from supplier websites as a main source of information at the beginning of the buying process. Furthermore the level of influence are reduced towards later stages.

Advantages Of Social Media

Advantages Of Social Media Connections. You are friends with people who have other friends, and so on. By using a social networking site, you can do what you can and get connected with these people to form a web of connections that can give you leverage if you play your cards right. Breadth of Knowledge -connectedness that students can experience through social media use. It is now easier than ever to know (or find out) something about almost anything in the world through connected media. Additionally, students can be connected to a broader base of opinions and world views through instantaneous global connections. Technological Literacy All social media relies on advanced information and communication technologies that seamlessly work to build and support technological literacy.. Worldwide Connectivity, No matter if you are searching for that former college roommate, your first grade teacher, or an international friend, there is no easier or faster way to make a connection than via the social network. Although Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace are probably the most well known social networking communities, there are new websites popping up regularly that are dedicated to allowing people to connect and to interact via the Internet. These connections can help one with a variety of things such as: Finding romance, Seeking a new job, Locating assistance, Getting and giving product and service referrals, Receiving support from like-minded individuals, Making or receiving advice on career or personal issues. In many ways, social communities are the virtual equivalent of meeting at the general store or at church socials to exchange news and get updated on friends and families.. Commonality of Interest, When you opt to participate in a social network community, you can pick and choose those individuals whose likes and dislikes are similar to yours and build your network around those commonalities.You can meet with your friends anytime you have an Internet connection and whenever you find them online. Real-Time Information Sharing, Many social networking sites incorporate an instant messaging feature, which means you can exchange information in real-time via a chat. This is a great feature for teachers to use to facilitate classroom discussions.In addition, the Internet is the ultimate online textbook. Students no longer need to take out six library books at a time. Much of what they need to know they can find online. Free Advertising, Whether you are non-profit organization who needs to get the word out about your upcoming fundraiser or a business owner marketing a new product or service, theres no better way to get your message in front of millions of people 24/7. The best part is it that you can spread the word through social networking profiles for free. Increased News Cycle Speed, Social networking has revolutionized the speed of the news cycle. Many news organizations now partner with social networking sites like Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook in order to both collect and share information. One can get a sense of what is going on in the world just by watching trending topics from many of these sites. This has led to the development of a near instantaneous news cycle as millions of social networking updates rapidly spread news and information. Social media has the power to drive traffic to your website, blog, articles, etc. Social media is able to bring people together, especially when promoting global products or cause-related campaigns and ideas since it allows people from the different geographical location to meet at a single point and express their views. Social media could be the spark you are looking for to attract attention to your site, product or service. It could also be used to further build loyalty and long-term relations with your audience. Social media marketing could always be a fun and creative method of doing business. Facilitates open communication, leading to enhanced information discovery and delivery. Allows everyone to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions and share links. Targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective recruitment tool. Disadvantages of Social Media: Distraction -talking not about the momentary distraction of an isolated text message, but rather the way in which social media involvement provides an acceptable diversion from intellectual pursuits. Essentially, he is arguing that it is socially safer to stay connected to peers through always-on social media, than it is to put oneself out there by having a legitimate opinion about a serious topic and disconnecting from the social networks long enough to put it out there. Pressure to Conform examples of students confiding in him that one of the main reasons behind their 24/7 connection is a fear of not keeping up with peers or appearing like a loser in public, as one of his students confided in a class journal. Risk Aversion unclear about whether students aversion to taking risks is a symptom of social media use or is directly caused by it, but the point is no less important either way. Social media engagement supports a culture of avoidance which operates in direct opposition to the idea that students need to take risks and fail in their academic endeavors in order to become successful innovators. Shallowness . Twitter, text messages, and other social media tools focus on brief, quick, shallow interactions that do not encourage either deep social engagement or intellectual exploration. There is, after all, only so much information that can be obtained in 140 characters. when you make a mistake offline, a few will know but when you make a mistake in front of hundreds or thousands of you online audience, most of them will know Face to Face Connections are Endangered, A huge advantage of these social communities has a reverse side effect that is also a big disadvantage of social networking: they reduce or eliminate face-to-face socialization. Because of the autonomy afforded by the virtual world, individuals are free to create a fantasy persona and can pretend to be someone else.It is hard to say no, be rude, or ignore someone when you are looking them in the eye. Its incredibly easy and quick to unfriend or unfollow someone or simply block their efforts to make a connection. Just one click of the mouse and your problems are over. Tweens and teens are at higher risk because those years are when they are learning to interact with others or build and maintain relationships. A report from the National School Boards Association shows that of the children in these age groups that use a social network, 41 percent spend their time posting messages. They are not spending this time in face-to-face interactions with their peers or others nor are they developing the necessary social skills for future success. Cyberbullying and Crimes Against Children, Use of social networks can expose individuals to harassment or inappropriate contact from others. Unless parents are diligent to filter the Internet content to which their families are exposed, children could be exposed to pornography or other inappropriate content.. Risks of Fraud or Identity Theft, Whether you like it or not, the information you post on the Internet is available to almost anyone who is clever enough to access it. Most thieves need just a few vital pieces of personal information to make your life a nightmare and if they successfully steal your identity, it could cost you dearly. Time Waster, A Nielsen report explains that social networking can be a big waste of time that sucks 17 percent of our Internet time down the non-productivity drain. it is also true that it is easy to become distracted and end up spending valuable time on games, chats or other non-related activities. Corporate Invasion of Privacy, Social networking invites major corporations to invade your privacy and sell your personal information. Facebook projects it will earn $3.8 billion in revenue in 2011. Thats not bad for a free site. If Facebook and other social networking sites dont charge their members, however, how do they make so much money? They do it by selling the ability to specifically target advertisements. On social networking sites, the website isnt the product, its users are. These sites run algorithms that search for keywords, web browsing habits, and other data stored on your computer or social networking profile and provide you with advertisements targeted specifically to you. At the same time, you may be giving the site permission to share your information with outside sources unless you specifically generate settings that disallow them to do so. Participating in applications like Farmville may also be allowing outside vendors access to your private information. In order to get social medias full effect, you need to understand how it works, when and how to use it and which channels to focus on depending on your end goal of using social media. Social media can have a negative influence on students and workers productivity. Employees may waste valuable time using social media channels such as Facebook and Twitter. They can also use social media to attack the companys reputation! When social media is used excessively or in the wrong way, it could have serious detrimental outcomes on both mental and even physical health of individuals. Opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch spam and virus attacks. Increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that seem genuine, resulting in data or identity theft. May result in negative comments from others about everything we put in our social media example our video in youtube Potentially results in lost productivity, especially if students are busy updating profiles, etc. Lack of Anonymity,You are putting out information about your name, location, age, gender, and many other types of information that you may not want to let others know. Most people would say be careful. As long as people can know who you exactly are, then some can find ways to do you in. Scams and Harassment, While many sites apply certain measures to keep any of these cases of harassment, cyber-stalking, online scams, and identity theft to an absolute minimum, you still may never know. Time Consuming, that it would just be a waste of time for you. The key to social networking is that it is supposed to be fun, whether you are just doing it for kicks or clicking around for study purposes. That should be reasonable enough for anyone, but there are those people who dont see the point. For them, it can be a disadvantage.

Rappaccini’s Daughter - An Exploration of Human Nature Essay -- Rappac

Rappaccini’s Daughter - An Exploration of Human Nature The key to my understanding Hawthorne’s perspective on Science and Nature in Rappaccini’s Daughter was his cheeky introduction, when he placed himself somewhere between transcendentalists and "pen-and-ink men who address the intellect and sympathies of the multitude" - too unpopular for the multitude, and too popular for the transcendentalists. Choosing not to fit in either camp, he seems to tease us with the merits and deficits of each - science and nature, too. It’s not a matter of balance, or a weighing of arguments. His device here is to play upon the tensions attendant to these apparent polarities. On the first reading "Rappaccini’s Daughter" appeared to be a cautionary tale, a warning about the dangers of too much science, excessive manipulation of nature - leading to "thwarted nature," the "fatality that attends all such acts of perverted wisdom." Rappaccini is described as a "vile empiric" and "not restrained by natural affection for his daughter." Beatrice, his daughter, describes herself as merely his earthly child, while the plants are the "offspring of his intellect." Beatrice is described by her physical beauty and poisonous physical nature. She is described also by the "pure light of her character." Giovanni, the would-be lover, alternates between obsession with Beatrice - which might be love - and abhorrence of her. The obsession is with her beauty and simplicity - her goodness. The abhorrence is with her poisonous physical nature. Giovanni’s character, however, is found wanting when he urges Beatrice to take the fatal antidote to her poisonousness. Beatrice protected Giovan... ...cience was represented by his demeanor with his daughter and his garden - touching nothing directly, only looking and tending from a distance. Baglioni sought power manipulatively and politically - represented by his academic rivalry with Rappaccini, his plan to kill Beatrice, and his manipulation of Giovanni as the instrument to kill Beatrice. Giovanni wanted power over Beatrice - he wanted to recast her into a form he could "love" - he couldn’t love her as she was. Beatrice and the plants in the garden were the innocents in this story - they simply came into being. The poison in their physical nature simply was - there was no malice in them. Beatrice was the only human who exhibited real love, and who only wanted love/to love. She expressed her love for Giovanni by dying - and in dying released herself from (transcended) the power of each of these men.

Essay --

Witness, A Classic Novel Witness, a Newbery Medal awarded novel, was one of the many novels created by Karen Hesse, a wonderful author who has taught kids and children about the past, has made a very interesting book about life that exists on a foundation of segregation and hatred. Racism as we all know it is very disturbing, annoying, and is not tolerable. This story is based on life on a foundation of segregation and dangers of racism. This one novel is placed in a small, under-populated city of Vermont, where a family of three, the Sutters, another family of 3, the Hirsch's with a caring person, named Sara Chickering, and some people face many problems and solutions in their lives. As racism continues on to thrive in the town, Esther Hirsh, becomes a young girl who also faces discrimination only because she was a Jewish. In the same school as Esther, was a young African-American girl named Leonora who faces bully about almost every day, and everywhere, just because of her race. Her family is very well in poverty, and her mother is badly sick. She died later that month. In one quote,†Why can’t white folks leave me alone?†(P7), explains how excruciating racism was. As the storyline progresses into the center of the story, Leonora saves Esther from a passenger train, everybody knows it as the â€Å"Heaven Train.† Esther wanted to meet her mother on the train who died when she was just a tiny little young girl, perhaps at the age of four or five. Leonora understood her but she didn’t want her to go because Esther was perhaps her only best friend. Back in the transition from the beginning of the story, Esther also saved Leonora’s life from the chilling winter cold. Sara Chickering, the caretaker of Esther, fina... ... the bridge to convince Johnny to get back down. â€Å"I’m afraid of the Klan,† he said. Then he surprisingly†¦ just jumped. All these scenes were all real, it all happened from 1920-1927. Karen witnessed a lot of horrors, but also some happiness. She did that by just simply writing books, novels and poetry. She mostly writes her novels in poetic form, what everybody does not usually do. This book inspired me and a lot to perhaps write a lot about the past, and admire and appreciate the present and what will happen in the future. It also taught me many lessons about the important things, like the history of the KKK and what they did, also the history of segregation and how this country was broken up into pieces and how they were sawn back together. So this book is a very useful tool in learning and understanding and should be brought down from generation to generation...

Stop Smoking :: essays research papers

Behavior Change Contract Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the class was first told about the contract, I thought to myself that this can really help me stop smoking if I stick with it. I smoke about a pack a day, which is 20 cigarettes. I wanted to gradually decrease the amount of cigarettes I smoke every week for 7 weeks until I stopped smoking. Unfortunately this didn’t work and I was smoking the same amount I started with after the first week of the contract. There were three sets of factors that realy influenced me to continue to smoke.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first factor is the reinforcing factor, smoking is a very social and there are so many people that do it. There are always groups of people smoking anywhere, anytime. School is where I smoke the most cigarettes because I know a lot of people that smoke and whenever I see someone I know smoking I will join them and have a cigarette.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next is the predisposing factor, this includes everything that is in my head already. Examples of this would be how I am mentally addicted to cigarettes and it feels like I will never be able to stop. This factor in my opinion has the biggest influence on me smoking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last factor is the enabling factor; today cigarettes are so easy to get, even for minors. Many of the stores wont even check IDs; they just sell them to whomever. Another enabling factor is that I make money, and can afford to buy the cigarettes at whatever price they are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you see these three factors had a lot to do with the reason why I couldn’t stop smoking cigarettes. I also think that another reason why I couldn’t stop was because of the whole reward system.

My Personal Faith Essay

My personal faith and beliefs contribute to every aspect of my life. I come from a Christian family and a congregation of baptized believers in the Lord Jesus Christ. My parents have always given me unconditional love and dedication, while teaching me healthy boundaries pertaining to life. Such as always putting the Lord first, being more concerned about the pain of consequences for irresponsibility, the rights and wrongs of my behavior, and what pain any of my actions may cause for others and God. My faith has enabled me to handle life challenges from my past and present. Some of these challenges have been series of events that I could hardly believe were happening, while others came with great joy. At five years old, my younger brother, Chandler, died unexpectedly. This was a tough challenge for my whole family to face. This challenge could have easily torn my family apart but together, as a team with God, we worked hard at picking up the pieces and moving forward even when there were days that seemed to be impossible. In the fifth grade, I was diagnosed with a common learning disability known as Attention Deficit Disorder. I am faced with this challenge on a daily basis. I have learned to cope with this disorder over the years by making prayer and patience priorities in helping me conquer this challenge. This challenge was especially difficult during my SAT and ACT tests. Certain scores on these tests were required to get into college and play NCAA football. The stress and pressure of taking these tests felt unbearable at times. While studying and before and during each test, I would remind myself that, through God, all things are possible. With God by my side, I was able to achieve the scores needed to reach my college and athletic goals. Varsity football has had an enormous impact on me during high school because it taught me how dedication and determination would help me succeed in academics as well as in extracurricular activities. Being part of a team helped me develop leadership skills within myself. Each time I step on the field, I put forth an effort to play my best. For me, each game started with a prayer that God would help me make good decisions and keep me and my team safe, win or lose. I earned many Regional and State awards for my achievements in football. All District First Team Defense 2011 and All Region Second Team Defense 2011 were two of my greatest achievements. Again, through God, all things are possible. Strong faith, good character and determination to succeed and live â€Å"a life that matters† can help anyone overcome any challenging situation that they are faced with in their lifetime. They also produce hope within oneself and set the foundation for an integral person to build on their morals and values. I plan to influence others to live â€Å"a life that matters† by staying true to my faith and hope within myself and allowing patience and perseverance to always be a strong characteristic of my character. I am going into the nursing program at Shepherd University in the fall. I plan to further my education into physical therapy. After my education is finished and I enter the working world, I want my greatest accomplishments to be encountering someone daily that I can portray my faith and integrity to that will make a difference in both our lives. I want to be able to reflect back on myself as a person who lived my entire life as one that mattered regardless of what stage of life or challenge that I am faced with at that time. As Christians, we are called and obligated to serve God with our time, talents, and material possessions but we must also recognize these areas as being entrusted to us to be used for the glory of God and helping others. God wants us to seek to bring others under the sway of righteousness, truth, and brotherly love.

Business to Business vs Business to Consumer Sites

honourable, licit and regulative issues of Business to Business (B2B) sites are instead similar to Business to Consumer (B2C) sites. The only diversity is that the costumer is either a beau monde or just an average Joe consumer. If he/she/it is a victim of a scam, bastard ad or leaking of valuable tuition, whence the only payoff is loss of client or possible revenue for the seam. Rules politics body online business differ from attitude to place so fraud is quite parking area on the online world. B2C web sites are closely publicity, but B2B is often unmentioned because it is always in the background.Here we will look at the issues g everywherening some(prenominal) web sites. It is meaning(a) to go for note that the honorable, legal and regulatory issues intersection or connect with each other. Ethical Since the boom of the lucre, morals became very important online. Ethical issues in B2B sites deal with knowledge somewhat their companies and legal proceeding t hey had. Ethics in this situation is very important. Sharing information about ones phoner to another is unethical since it could be employ by other companies against the caller itself.Since the transactions had been done online one of the companies confused in the transaction could spot the information about the transactions. The information posted could be close to impossible to trace back to a company. Codes of ethics was developed to protect both parties. While on B2C sites, the issue is the cover of the consumer. Not every consumer wants his name cosmos advertised on web pages without his permission. For example, a famous artificer bought an item over the net. Consequently, the company had his personal information since just about of them require it. And the company posts his name as their customer.Then at that instant the famous artist became their endorser. But the privacy issue applies in both B2B and B2C sites. New technologies turn over emerged and these contai n impacts on the lives of consumers and businesses. Security and privacy cash in in ones chips signifi potentiometert for the protection of both businesses and consumers. Anyone rear end post advertisements, unethical and illegal merchandise and Ebusiness email scams that it is hard to determine who to entrust online. For the most part, the participants ethics are set forth by ethical codes developed by multinational governing bodies which protect both parties. legitimate Legal issues concerning B2C sites include copywriting and create. Libel can rent bad implications if negative or calumnious articles were published about people and companies on other websites. Information must be fully researched before posting. Intellectual situation rights should also be observed to anticipate from any legal damages. Copyright infringements in both B2B and B2B websites should be avoided since this will bear upon the credibility of the websites and their relationship with the consumer s or businesses. further factual information should be posted.Before publishing anything, the web site must need permission first from the clients. Scams also have bad legal implications for the websites. They can be sued for publishing information that is incorrect or malicious. Both B2B and B2C sites should avoid money make scams. Identity theft, as well as Internet frauds in B2C sites will prove to major problems. Moreover, if webmasters do unethical alterations in a clients web site, it will result to long lasting negative consequences for the business and for the client. This may urge clients to take legal action that may be bad to the life of the B2C sites.Another area where B2B and B2C sites differ is on revealing trade secrets or intellect property. Violation will only buy the farm if an employee leaked information or sold it to a competitor. But unless a consumer invented or procure a product and was taken service of by a business, any account saying that revealin g or sell intellectual property will not apply here. Regulatory Regulations of B2B and B2C sites vary from land to state. Regulatory issues concerning B2B sites include activities which look into adjust the site.Since these sites post advertisements or pop-ups about their businesses, pattern must be observed so that only pop-ups of the business or company appear. The traffic of information is also regulate so that clients are not bewildered when they navigate these web sites. Regulations also romp an important role to keep everything on track. B2C sites, on the other hand, also teach regulation as important. Oftentimes, other companies post their ads on the sites of their competitors, thus attracting the consumers to visit and perhaps try their services. This is stealing of customers, which is also an ethical and legal issue.Through regulation, this kind of situation can be prevented. Other regulatory issues involved include regulations on electronic, e-commerce, credit/cash policies, international trade, tariffs, privacy, digital media offers and security. REFERENCES Franz, Nora. (28 March 2006). Consumers watch of Online Freebie Scams, Including Magazine Subscriptions Ethics in Question for Online Businesses Offering Freebies. Warholic, James A. richness of Ethics on the Internet. Warholic, james A. Internet Marketing B2B vs B2C Comparisons for the Twenty-First Century.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.