Nathaniel Bacon Essay

One historian has remarked that Bacon’s Rebellion was â€Å"a rebellion with abundant causes but without a cause.† Do you agree? What were the causes of Bacon’s Rebellion? Did Nathaniel Bacon have a cause? Did William Berkeley? In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon marched into Jamestown, Virginia alongside 600 men ready to fight, demanding a military commission. After threatening William Berkeley, the Governor of Virginia and Nathaniel’s own cousin, Bacon was given a military commission. â€Å"In the following months, Bacon’s men waged brutal war against the Indians, turned their guns on Berkeley’s government, forced it to flee Jamestown, and burned the colony’s capital to the ground† (Hollitz, 19). I do not agree with this historian because some of Bacon’s causes for rebellion were important enough to the people living in Virginia to want changes. Taxes began to rise on tobacco, salaries of the government officials began to increase, and no servants were selected to the council after 1640. In 1675 colonists ordered Governor Berkeley to return with an army after killings by the Indians alongside the Fall Line (The line marking the waterfalls of nearly parallel rivers). In March of 1676 the representatives announced war on â€Å"all such Indians who †¦ shall be discovered to have committed murders †¦ and depredation† (Hollitz, 23). Trading with Indians was also now illegal which placed even more economic stress on those traders that needed Indian products to survive. Nathaniel Bacon had a cause for the rebellion after one of his supervisors was killed in a Susquehanna attack. Berkeley’s main reason for being against Bacon’s Rebellion was because he worked out an arrangement in 1644 to avoid conflicts with the Native Americans. In exchange for a large piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing farther into their lands. After Bacon’s death on October 26, 1676 his rebellion began to decease and everything was eventually restored back to order.

Corporate Sponship in Event

Thanks to increases in leisure time and discretionary spending nowadays, community groups as well as individuals are becoming enthusiastic in events according to their interests. Events have occupy our newspapers and television screens as well as much of our free time and enrich our lives (Bowdin et al. , 2011). Moreover, events have a substantial contribution to the national economy. In UK, the event industry generates over ? 36 billion every year, which sustain at least 530,000 full-time jobs (Bladen et al. 2012). Under the trend, the business sector has take events and events’ sponsorship into consideration when making their marketing strategies. Globally, expenditure on event sponsorship has been escalating each year – from USD 44 billion in 2009 to an estimated USD 51. 1 billion in 2012 (IEG, 2013). The overall sponsorship spending in the UK each year is around ? 934 million, made up of sports (51%), arts and business (18%), broadcasting (20%) and others (10%) (Mer miri and South, 2009).Before analyzing the relationship between sponsorship and event, the two concepts should be clarified first. An event can be defined as â€Å"an organized occasion such as meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. an event is often composed of several different related functions† (Getz, 2005, p. 16). According to International Events Group (IEG, 1995), sponsorship is â€Å"a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with the property†.In this essay, the scope of the event industry and main types of sponsorship will be introduced at first. Then, the importance of corporate sponsorship in the event industry will be examined by considering the benefits to both sponsors and events. Next, the essay will critically analyze the risks of corporate sponsorship and discuss other sources of event funding. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn as corporate sponsors hip plays a significant role in the event industry but potential risks such as ambush marketing should not be ignored.In addition, other sources of funding are essential to successes of events. The event industry has a large scope; here, only some key components will be presented. Event organisations, staging or hosting events, are core element of the event industry. Besides, professional groups or individuals who organize events on behalf of their clients are called event management companies are emerging with the event industry. There are also various suppliers covering staging, lighting , transport, accommodation and security of the event industry.External regulatory bodies and publications have tight relations with the event industry as well (Bowdin et al. , 2011). As for types of sponsorship, cash is the most common source provided by sponsors to support the event (Wagen & Carlos, 2006). Sponsors can also offer ‘value in kind’ by providing free goods and services t o events (Wagen, 2007). Other sponsorship may cover the media coverage, IT support, entertainment speaker sessions and etc.From the sponsor’s perspective, sponsors have objectives that fit into one or more of these areas: to increase product or brand awareness, to develop corporate image, to drive sales, or to develop market strategy (Yeoman et al. , 2004). To begin with, sponsors can gain benefits from marketing area through sponsoring the event industry. Sponsorship is acting as a more effective way of market promoting, sales driving and reaching the target market (Bowdin et al. , 2011).Among various traditional marketing promotion methods such as advertising or personal selling, sponsorship is argued to be one of the most effective means of communicate and form relationships with consumers and business partners (Grey and Skildum-Reid, 2003). Siegel (2001) investigated the sponsorship of tobacco industry and found that despite a federal ban on tobacco advertising on televis ion, tobacco companies achieve the equivalent of more than $150million in television advertising per year through their sponsorship of televised motor sports events.From 1997 through 1999, tobacco companies achieved 169 hours of television advertising exposure and $410. 5 million of advertising value for their products by sponsoring motor sports events. In addition, events provide sponsors with an environment where consumers are relax and better accept marketing message; therefore, sponsorship is key driver of product sales (Bowdin et al. , 2011). There are two main ways for companies with products achieve high sales goals including an exclusive in-game presence at sporting events or exclusive rights in their product ategory at a festival. For instance, Tiger Beer sponsors the Tartan Asian Extreme Festival and distributes samples of their beer to attendants as part of an integrated marketing campaign which also included the launch of The Tigers’ awards to celebrate Asian film s in the UK (Anon, 2005c). The Stongbow Rooms, an online game company, launched the Scottish Courage Strongbow Rooms concept resulted in an estimated increase in 12% monthly sales gain (Scottish Courage, 2005). The sponsorship of the event industry is an emerging new channel of sales driving for sponsors.Moreover, events also help sponsors get access to specific niche/target markets. For example, O2 sponsored music concerts to appeal to a youth market and establish itself as the biggest mobile network in the youth market (Carter, 2004). Saudia Private Aviation (SPA), an affiliate of Saudi Arabian Airlines, has renewed its sponsorship of the 6th edition of EXCS International Luxury Motor Show. The company believed that the event offer a platform for them to reach prominent people and the high-class segment of the community, who SPA targets through its marketing programs. (AMEinfo, 2012).Next, brand awareness and brand image of sponsors’ can also be created and developed throug h sponsorship, especially for companies expanding into new international markets (Noordin et al. , 2011; Bowdin et al. , 2011; Yeoman et al. , 2004; Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000; Cornwell et al. , 2001). Perceptions of a brand are increasingly linked to consumers’ experience with the brand. Thus, in brand strategy, delivering a comprehensive brand experience is becoming paramount, whereby ‘‘marketing and external communications help build the brand, but nothing is more powerful than the customer’s actual experience’’ (Berry, 2000, p. 36). The case of Vodafone entering New Zealand mobile telecommunications market is a suitable example to illustrate the effectiveness of brand awareness and image building in the new markets through sponsorship. The initial step of Vodafone setting into the New Zealand mobile telecommunications market was in 1998, and it had dominated 45% of the market until 2003. Sponsorship was an integral component of Vodafon e’s brand strategy. Vodafone sponsored Rugby, New Zealand’s national mass-audience sports, in order to quickly and effectively reated brand awareness among target groups when entering the new market. Then Vodafone use sponsorship as a platform to let customer experience products and develop emotional connections. Thus, it not only create broad awareness alone but also build brand personality among consumers and create links to popular youth culture, facilitating much closer bonds between customer and the brand (Cliffe & Motion, 2005). Besides obvious financial benefits, sponsorship allow sponsors to build up corporate images Bowdin et al. , 2011. Corporate image and brand image are two different concepts.Corporate image may or may not be related with its products or services and usually be associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Godfrey, 2006). Usually, companies support charity events to create goodwill in the community. For example, NPower became headl ine sponsor for Macmillan Cancer Relief World's Biggest Coffee Morning improve to its brand perception (Anon, 2004). Wu (2002) added that companies such as petroleum, tobacco and weapon industries whose image need some polishing were likely to offer sponsorships to arts, culture and charity events to leave good impressions to the public.Furthermore, sponsorships are also used as incentives for a company’s workforce and create better employee relations IEG (2008). Companies often perceive event sponsorship as a way to offer their employees access to the events or corporate rewards to motivate them. For example, Royal Bank of Scotland’s and Edinburgh International Festival secured New Partnership funding from Arts ; Business which enabled the bank’s staff to take part in ‘Royal Bank Turn Up and Try It’ workshops.By involving staff in the arts sponsorship, the bank wanted to form more creative thinking, dealing effectively with customers or colleagues of their employees (Royal Bank of Scotland, 2003). The business involving staffs events aims to creating more intensive inter-staff relationships and loyalty to companies as well as staff moral and the like (Godfrey, 2006). From the event’s perspective, the financial investment, in-kind support and media exposure are three main benefits that event organizers seek from sponsors (Watt, 1998).Watt (1998) argued that events could not be successful happen without adequate financial support. Financial investment is the most obvious and direct income for events. The 2004 Edinburgh International Festival received around ? 1. 73 million from sponsors and donator, accounting for 27% of the total income (Bowdin, 2006). Except for cash, in-kind support is vital to event organizers as well. Crompton (1994) summarize four main types of in-kind services including product support, personnel support, communication resources and expertise and intangible benefit of â€Å"institutional cloutâ⠂¬  conferred on the event.According to the research done by Cultural Ministers Council (2002) on cultural sponsorship in Australia, in-kind support approximate 83% of organizations’ sponsorship commitment. Over 60% of respondents provide in-kind services covering legal and financial advisory services, IT support, auditing, marketing and management expertise and etc. (Richards ; Palmer, 2010). As for â€Å"institution clout†, if an event links to a sponsor with a strong, positive public image, then sponsorship may help legitimize the event and improve its public profile (Crompton, 1994).In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In 2000 Sydney Olympics, Nike, one of official sponsor s, launched its pre-Olympic advertising campaign, which not only promote its own brand but also the Sydney Olympic Games (Tripodi and Hirons, 2009).In spited of all the benefits brought to both sponsors and event organizers, there are still a number of potential risks associated with implementation of sponsorship, which should be paid enough attention to (Wagen, 2007). For the sponsors, first and the foremost is the â€Å"ambush marketing† issue. McKelvey (1994) describes it as â€Å"a company's intentional effort to weaken or ambush its competitor's official sponsorship and seek to confuse the buying public as to which company really holds official sponsorship rights. Ambush marketing reduces the effectiveness of the sponsors message as well as pose a threat to sponsorship agreements (Meenaghan, 1996). In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the torchbearer was Li Ning, a former gymnast and now the chairman of Li Ning company, which easily made the greatest 2 or 3 minutes of fre e advertising for Li Ning company. Although Adidas was the official footwear sponsor other than Li Ning, 67. 4% respondents incorrectly recognized Li Ning as the official footwear sponsor (Pitt et al. , 2010). Moreover, the ‘fit’ between a sponsor and an event is vital for the success of the sponsorship (Wagen & White, 2010).Not every company is the potential sponsor for every enent (Decker, 1991). Inappropriate sponsorships not only cannot achieve the desired outcomes of sponsors’ but also waste time and money or may even negatively influence their brand images. For example, Southland Corporation, the former owner of 4,000 7-Eleven convenience stores, sponsored cycling events. There was no obvious link between the stores and cycling so that the target audience did not get the marketing information of the company thus no significant increase in sales(Crompton, 1994).For the event organizers, it is well worth remembering sponsors are temporary and unstable for var ious reasons such as economic recession or government ban. For example, the government ban tobacco sponsorship in sport; thus, event organizers will lose all sponsorship from tobacco companies immediately (Bowdin et al. , 2011). In addition, sponsors are a stakeholder that event organizers have to make additional efforts to satisfy their requirements (Crompton, 1994). Sometimes, sponsors can be more trouble than they are worth.Significant time can be spent in servicing sponsorship and sometimes this time would be useful to the event if it were devoted to other forms of support (Watt, 1998). Finally, the image of sponsors’ may also leave bad impression on audience due to unpredicted failure, which may result in jeopardize the event itself (Crompton, 1994; Walker et al. , 2011). Therefore, other types of funding are essential to success of events. Ticket sales are one of the major revenue generating strategies for the event organizer to adopt in the modern events market (Raj et al. 2009). In the 2012 London Olympics, the ticket sales was reached 587,294 million (London 2012 Organising Committee, 2012). Moreover, government grants are keen to provide support to events not only for financial reasons but also expert advice and information (Raj et al. , 2009). Selling merchandises, broadcasting rights, perceiving donations and other types of funding can also act as financial support for the event industry. In conclusion, corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry for both event organizers and sponsors receive benefit from it.On the one hand, event organizers gain finical support, in-kind services and media coverage from sponsor, which can secure the income of events. In addition, intangible benefits such as positive influence from sponsors’ brand images are also pointed out. On the other hand, sponsors invest on events in exchange of more effective marketing strategy for financial purposes, brand building, better corporate image and facil itating employee relation. However, some pitfalls associated with sponsorship for both sponsors and event organizers are also critically discussed.The ambush market and â€Å"fit† theory between sponsors and events are two main issues that sponsors should take into consideration before investing on events. The unstable feature and sponsors’ influence on events’ performances are critical to event organizers when seeking for corporate sponsorships. Last but not the least, other sources of funding such as ticketing and government grants are vital financial support for events. It can be conclude that corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry, but the drawbacks should not be neglected and other types of funding are also necessary.

All my sons

Larrys letter is instrumental in forcing Keller to realise his fault. Discuss (20M) All My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre In January 1947 and ran for 328 performances. The play was well constructed and realistic in nature, and it was extremely popular among the audiences. All My Sons started in the middle of things and spends most of the play uncovering the facts of the past so that the audience can see the last act consequences In the present.The play actually deals with the fate of Joe Keller, an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. The play ends with the suicide of the Joe Keller who repents after being exposed with the content of his son Larrys letter. As mentioned earlier, Joe Keller is an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. Keller has as partner Steve Deever and their factory manufactures cylinder heads for aircrafts. During the war, they receive a contract f rom the army to supply cylinder heads on an urgent basis.However the cylinder heads had hairline cracks in them and Keller is immediately informed by Deever. But Keller asked Deever to get the cylinder heads welded and that he would ake full responsibility of the damaged products. unfortunately those damaged cylinder heads cause twenty-one planes to crash killing their pilots. However at the trial Keller denies responsibility and is exonerated, and the blame shifts to Steve Deever who Is Imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives In total impunity with his family.However when he is confronted with the content of his son Larry's letter, he is forced to realise his fault. In fact Larrys letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement In fraud and profiteering. Consequently he committed suicide by allowing his plane to crash. However the content of the letter was kept secret by Ann because of her selfish motive to get marri ed to Chris who is Larrys brother. Moreover she did not want to break the harmony of the home of her would be In laws.But finally the content of the letter is revealed to Kate Keller by Ann because the former is still refusing the union of Ann and Chris. Consequently Ann uses the letter as her trump card to save her future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larrys death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots, Moreover Chris Is also made ware of the content of the letter and is unwilling to forgive his father. Consequently Joe Keller is confronted by Chris and based on the content of Larrys letter, Joe keller is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris.Joe Keller tries to justify his acts by arguing that he had worked in the interest of his family. But Chris being an Idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and understands the disastrous implications of his actions. In order to escape from guil t and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, It can be said that the Larrys letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault, but who unfortunately has a tragic end.BY sachtn051032 My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre in January 1947 audience can see the last act consequences in the present. The play actually deals take full responsibility of the damaged products. Unfortunately those damaged Deever who is imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives in total impunity with his forced to realise his fault. In fact Larry's letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement in fraud and reak the harmony of the home of her would be in laws.But finally the content of the future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larry's death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots. Moreover Chris is also made is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris. Joe Keller tries to Justify his acts idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, it can be said that the Larry's letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault.

Evolution of Entrepreneurship Essay

Entrepreneurship is a term, which has evolved over the years. Previously entrepreneurs were doing so many things that it broadened the true definition of a entrepreneur. The definition of an entrepreneur â€Å"is one who undertakes to organize, manage, and assume the risks of a business† (Kuratko). In the 21st century entrepreneur are looked upon as innovator or developer who recognize and seize opportunity. These types of people are also responsible for converting the opportunities into workable/marketable ideas (Kuratko). The term entrepreneur went from meaning â€Å"risk- bearing† to now the 21st century meaning inventor, innovator, marketer, manager, and organizer and risk taker. Those are the quality normally possessed by an entrepreneur. The Ten Myths Associated With Entrepreneurship 1. Entrepreneurs are doers, not thinkers: Doing is great but if your not using your head, then your actions won’t get you far. 2. Entrepreneurs are born, not made: A person can be born with tenacity or good communication skills but that doesn’t mean these traits must be possessed to be a good entrepreneur. Today colleges are teaching entrepreneurship classes, these classes help future businessmen unlock the key ingredients to being successful. 3. Entrepreneurs are always inventors: Some people re-invent the wheel to be more efficient. Most entrepreneurs are taking something that is already established, slightly twisting the established product or idea and selling it. 4. Entrepreneurs are academic and social misfits: This comes the media pushing the fact that many large and successful companies have owners or creators that were high school or college dropouts. There are so many entrepreneurs today, and you only hear of the ones who are dropouts and doing well for themselves. How often do you hear about the Harvard or Yale graduate who runs a multi-million dollar business? Those kinds of owners are a dime a dozen. 5. Entrepreneurs must fit the â€Å"profile†: It’s impossible to say that you must look a certain way to get ahead in life. If that’s the case Bill Gates s hould work at McDonalds. Today many Americans link success to good-looking people. 6. All entrepreneurs’ need is money: Money helps with just about everything. It normally takes a little money to earn a little money. This isn’t always the case though, look at the small dot com businesses that started with college guys working out of a basement or garage. Through good financial planning and a well managed business anyone can be an entrepreneur. 7. All entrepreneurs’ need is luck. Luck can certainly play a role in running a successful business. Although, proper planning and preparation are normally the reason behind such success. 8. Ignorance is bliss for entrepreneurs. This relates a lot to luck, if you are oblivious to something within the business, it was luck that let you get by. Again, planning and preparation are the core values a entrepreneur must possess to not just get by, but to succeed in the long run. 9. Entrepreneurs seek success but experience high failure rates: Not all entrepreneurs fail, for example Bill Gates. There isn’t a business out there that has never been through rough times, it’s inevitable. 10. Entrepreneurs are extreme risk takers: Most entrepreneurs know what kind of risk there taking, its normally a well-thought out plan that there trying to achieve. What are the major elements in the framework for entrepreneurship presented in Figure 2.4? Give examples of each element There are four major elements in the framework for entrepreneurship. The first is â€Å"The Individual† the factors of this dimension are: need for achievement, locus of control, risk- taking propensity, job satisfaction, previous work experience, entrepreneurial parents, age and education. The second is â€Å"The Environment† which includes factors such as: venture capital availability, presence of experienced entrepreneurs, technically skilled labor force, to name a few. The third dimension is â€Å"The Organization† which has fewer factors including: type of firm, entrepreneurial environment, partners, strategic variable and competitive entry wedges. The last dimension is â€Å"The Process† which holds factors such as: locating a business opportunity, accumulating resources, marketing products and services. List and explain, in detail , the three (3) advantages of developing an intrapreneurial philosophy. Intrapreneurship is the process of profitably creating innovation within an organizational setting. The first advantage is it takes multiple approaches; innovative managers encourage several projects to proceed in parallel development. The second advantage is it displays interactive learning within an innovative environment, learning and investigating ideas that are cut across traditional functional lined in the organization. The last advantage is the skunkwork, which means every highly innovative enterprise uses groups that function outside traditional lines of authority. Intrapreneurial Strategy Managers need to 1.) develop the vision, 2.) encourage innovation, 3.) structure for an intrapreneurial climate and 4.) develop venture teams. Shared vision is critical to a company that is set on high standards, including high achievement and goals. Next, encouraging innovation is key to long-term success of a company. If the company isn’t moving forward then they will eventually fall off. Keeping up with the competition will only get you as far as them, using radical innovation is the real key winner. Structuring for an intrapreneurial climate means maintaining a peaceful environment for the employees. The environment not only deals with noise related problems but attitudes amongst employees and individualism. The last strategy is venture team, which is composed of two or more people who formally create and share the ownership of a new organization. In a sense a venture team is a small business operating within a large business and its strength is its focus on design issues for innovative activities (Kuratko). References: Kuratko, Donald F. and Hodgetts, Richard M. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practices, Sixth Edition

Torus Fracture at Distal Radius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Torus Fracture at Distal Radius - Essay Example Some of the initial cares include splinting, pain control, and mechanisms aimed to reduce swelling (Morritt, 2014). The torus fractures that are evident at the distal radius are commonly present during childhood but rarely observed in adulthood (Colaris, 2014). Since the children's bones are still undergoing growth and tend to get relatively soft. Due to this reason, among the children, whose bones of their distal radius have high tendency to buckle, most of the fractures will affect the radius mostly at the distal. By this I mean that the bones around the children’s distal radius are soft since they are steal young and relatively weak, therefore they can easily undergo breakage.   At times, this particular type of fracture is compared to green stick fractures, or rather a buckle fracture since they get often witnessed in the skin and forearm radius, among many others (Schranz & Fagg, 1992). Fortunately, this type of fracture takes a shorter time to heal since they only requ ire casting and immobilization though it doesn’t demand necessitation for reduction. The victims of this fracture may put cast or splints for between three to four weeks and further taken to X-rays (Mancini, De Maio & Ippolito, 2005). The main purpose of the x-ray is to check whether the bone has healed to the level of expectation before the removal of any immobilizing devices. The treatment duration for The Fracture is usually shorter than that of a greenstick fracture, which demands a casting for six weeks and requires an earlier reduction.

Marketing Game Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Game Report - Essay Example Hence the product features were enhanced to meet the needs of these users, by investing highly on research and development. Since Voice X had set its focus on these three target segments, the marketing mix was designed for all the periods with the requirements of these three segments in mind, with minimum variations. The price was not changed for a long time after the second period, in order to provide a value added, feature rich product to the target segments and to overrun the price competition from the other brands (see figure 4). The main strategy followed was to generate high revenue by focussing on the premium segments. As the market share in the other segments were being taken up by competitors, initiatives were taken in the fifth period to focus on distribution in channel 2, so as to capture a part of the student market. Also additional sales resources were put into force in channel 2, to take up the interested market. A part of the rationale for choosing this distribution strategy was that about one-third of the high end consumers shopped through Channel 2. After the decline of sales in the fifth and sixth periods, a focussed strategy was adopted to regain the market share and to reap profits, by targeting the Managerial segment by tailoring the product and the distribution strategies to meet their requirements. High spending behaviour of the managerial segment and their preference for quality of service were the rationale behind this decision. This change in the strategy proved fruitful and Voice X re-positioned itself as a Premium product and gained its market share of sales. This strategy if followed for the next few periods, will put Voice X in a better financial position to start a new low priced product with minimum features to capture the low spending segments and become the market leader for this

Alcoholics Anymous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alcoholics Anymous - Essay Example The group also aims to provide an atmosphere where individuals do not receive judgment for their alcohol problems or any mistakes they made in their lives. The goals are to change the mindset of the individuals and their way of thinking towards life. As mentioned above, the group aims to reduce the number of individuals suffering from alcoholism. The group is successful as it began with less than five members and now there are three different groups, with each one consisting of ten members. Furthermore, in the early days of the group, the program was male dominated. However, there are now females joining the program. The group also has many testimonies from members who acknowledge the way the group has helped them stay sober. The facilitators have similar leadership styles in the sense that they do not try to stamp their authority on the group. Their role is simply to modulate the process and ensure that the meetings take place systematically. The facilitators also have a motivational role and attempt to encourage, empathize and give suggestions to members of the group. The group has control over the direction each session takes, as they decide which aspect of the program they want to discuss. The therapeutic interactions can be seen between the facilitators and the individuals recovering from alcoholism. There is a therapeutic interpersonal relationship as the facilitators provide support psychologically for the members. There is also therapeutic communication as the facilitators respond to each patient differently. 6. Did you see any negative behaviors in your group? If so, explain their behaviors and the reactions from other members and facilitators. (For example someone who demoralizes others, someone who says nothing, or someone who completely monopolizes the group). There were no negative behaviors in the